Solutions to climate change: Using trees and grasses to capture carbon and produce energyA unique research project in the UK is investigating how coppiced trees and grass crops can be used both to generate renewable energy and to trap carbon in the soil over the long term.
From the ancient Amazonian Indians: 'Biochar' as a modern weapon against global warmingScientists are reporting that "biochar" -- a material that the Amazonian Indians used to enhance soil fertility centuries ago -- has potential in the modern world to help slow global climate change. Mass production of biochar could capture and sock away carbon that otherwise would wind up in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas.
Protection of organic products taken to next levelReady-to-eat, organic processed pork products look similar to conventionally cured meats. The organic versions have become popular among consumers as processors work to meet the demand. Although the natural and organic processed meat products are manufactured to simulate traditionally cured meat products as closely as possible, they're not exactly alike.
Fertilizer use not always helpful in revegetation effortsRevegetation efforts in a subarctic Quebec community show that not all plants respond favorably to the use of fertilizers. Agricultural researchers used organic and mineral fertilizers on three different species of plants with mixed results. Vegetation in the community is damaged because of land development and the use of all terrain vehicles.
Vermicompost from pig manure grows healthy hibiscusVermicomposting, using earthworms to turn waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer, can be an economical, organic waste management practice. The resulting product, called vermicompost, or worm castings, can be an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional substrate additives for producing container-grown plants. Researchers experimented with pine bark amended with vermicompost derived from pig manure to produce healthy hibiscus. The study suggests that dolomitic lime, sulfated micronutrients, and phosphorous can be eliminated as substrate additives.
Future of organic ornamental plantsAcreage of organic nurseries and greenhouses in the US increased 83 percent since 2004. But supermarket sales of organic ornamental plants are not keeping up with this trend; organic herbs and flowers have been marketed primarily through the Internet, community agriculture groups, and local farmers markets. Organic and conventional growers consider insect and fertility to be the biggest challenges facing organic growers and these topics should be top priorities for future research on organic greenhouse production.
Sustainable farming may help maintain healthy climateSustainable farming, initially adopted to preserve soil quality for future generations, may also play a role in maintaining a healthy climate, according to researchers.
Organic Weed Control Options For Highbush Blueberry; Pine Needle Mulch Most EffectiveWeeds are a widespread problem for the blueberry industry, particularly in young plantings when bushes are not fully established and most susceptible to competition. Weed control is even more of a challenge for growers of organic products, including organic highbush blueberry. Researchers investigated using mulches of pine needles, manure--sawdust compost, and seafood waste compost for weed control. Results indicate pine needles were the most effective mulch in suppressing weed growth.
Hot Microbes Cause Groundwater Cleanup RethinkAustralian researchers have discovered that micro-organisms that help break down contaminants under the soil can actually get too hot for their own good.
Golf Course Putting Greens Show Their Age: Researchers Seek To Maintain Healthy Greens, Reduce Construction CostsJust like the rest of us, golf courses show their age -- especially on putting greens, which experience more foot traffic than anywhere else on golf courses. Putting greens, which comprise 1.6 percent of the total area on most courses, require more intensive management than any other part of the course. To keep putting greens in top form, turfgrass experts study ways to provide proper nutrients to the root zone, a critical area for maintaining healthy turf.
Indoor Plants Found To Release Volatile Organic CompoundsPotted plants add aesthetic value to homes and offices, and have been shown to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gases or vapors emitted by solids and liquids that may have adverse health effects. But take heed when considering adding some green to your environment; in addition to giving off oxygen and sucking out harmful VOCs, a new study shows that some indoor plants actually release volatile organic compounds into the environment.
Organic Apple Orchard Floor Maintenance: Mulching, Flaming And 'Swiss Sandwich' Techniques AnalyzedOrganic apple farming starts from the ground up. Maintaining a healthy orchard floor is the key to preventing weeds and keeping soil healthy. Researchers compared three methods of orchard floor maintenance; alfalfa hay mulch treatment, applied by hand in the spring and fall; a flame burning technique in which a propane burner was used to heat the weeds and the Swiss sandwich system, which leaves a strip of vegetation to grow in the tree row.
Orchids And Fungi -- Partners For LifeThree Thai orchids have been found to rely on a wide range of fungi to help them take carbon out of the soil instead of producing their own organic carbon.
Sustainable Agriculture: Perennial Plants Produce More; Landscape Diversity Creates Habitat For Pest EnemiesAdvances in ecology increasingly reveal that conventional agricultural practices have detrimental effects on the landscape ecology, creating problems for long-term sustainability of crops. Ecologists are exploring how our agricultural practices can take lessons from natural environments.
Waste From Textile Industry Transformed Into Rich Compost With Help Of Manure And EarthwormsWaste from the textiles industry could with the assistance of earthworms and some animal manure become a rich compost for agriculture, according to a report in the International Journal of Environment and Pollution.
Little-known Marine Decomposers Attract The Attention Of Genome SequencersScientists will sequence the genomes of four species of labyrinthulomycetes. These little-known marine species were selected for sequencing as the result of a proposal submitted to the competitive JGI Community Sequencing Program by a team of microbiologists.
Ethanol Production Could Jeopardize Soil ProductivityCrop residues possess a critical role in sustaining soil organic matter, and as it is increasingly being used for the production of cellulosic-based ethanol, this removal may impact the long-term productivity of soils.
Is Organic Overrated?Just a few short years ago, if you wanted to buy organic food, you had to make a special trip to an out-of-the-way grocery store. Today, organic products are, well, cropping up all over the place. Are they really worth the higher price or is it just another marketing maneuver?
Biofilms As River SentinelsResearchers in Lyon decided to use the reaction of a group of micro-organisms to the presence of toxic molecules in evaluating the ecological status of a river and thus develop bioindicators based not on species identification, but on their functions in the environment.
Soil Nitrogen Test Measures Microbial NitrogenThe Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test was recently studied to clarify the chemical nature of what the test measures and its relationship to microbial growth in soils, determining that the test does not estimate total soil nitrogen and is selective for certain forms of microbial nitrogen.
Organic Dairy Manure May Offer High Quality Fertilizer OptionDairy cows that produce USDA-certified organic milk also produce manure that may gradually replenish soil nutrients and potentially reduce the flow of agricultural pollutants to nearby water sources, according to new findings.
There?s Money In Managing Manure When It?s Done RightNew and expanding swine production facilities in North Carolina are required to use manure management systems that meet the strictest environmental performance standards in the nation. Fortunately, scientists have developed a system that exceeds state benchmarks for controlling pollutants from swine farms.
Impact Of Floods On SoilsResearchers have examined the effects of flooding on soil, and have discovered new ways in which short-term ponding conditions can affect soil aggregation and the chemistry of the soil-water system. These conditions can have a great impact on soil quality and agriculture in the region.
Can Organic Cropping Systems Be As Profitable As Conventional Systems?The rise in organic cropping has led agronomists to study whether or not it can be as profitable for farmers as monocropping systems, and they were able to conclude that governmental policy supporting mono-culture is outdated and should be shifted to promote organic farming practices.
Spreading Antibiotics In The Soil Affects Microbial EcosystemsAntibiotics used extensively in intensive livestock production may be having an adverse effect on agricultural soil ecosystems. Researchers describe how antibiotics passed from the animals in manure that was then spread on farmland. Although higher organisms, such as earthworms, would only be affected at unrealistic concentrations of antibiotics, changes in soil bacterial communities have been found repeatedly using molecular microbiological techniques.
Rock Rose Leaves And Olive And Date Pits Make Up New Anti-pesticide FormulaA Spanish-Moroccan research team has developed an ecological means of reducing pesticide-related water pollution by using natural organic waste materials, such as olive and date stones, and the leaves of plants such as the rock rose and radish. This new formula could help to reduce this problem that causes damage to health and the environment.
Chicken Manure Biodegrades Crude Oil In Contaminated SoilIt is an unlikely application, but researchers in China have discovered that chicken manure can be used to biodegrade crude oil in contaminated soil. Writing in the International Journal of Environment and Pollution the team explains how bacteria in chicken manure break down 50 percent more crude oil than soil lacking the guano.
New Test For Detecting Fake Organic MilkScientists in Germany are reporting development of a new, more effective method to determine whether milk marketed as "organic" is genuine or just ordinary milk mislabeled to hoodwink consumers.
Will Large Amounts Of Soil Carbon Be Released If Grasslands Are Converted To Energy Crops?A recent study analyzed whether or not soils that were converted from perennial grasses to the production of bioenergy grain crops would experience loss of soil organic carbon. The researchers found the best method to keep this carbon sequestered is through no-till production.
Soil Carbon Storage Is Not Always Influenced By Tillage PracticesRecent research studied the impacts of tillage and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on carbon storage, revealing that the effect of no-till on carbon sequestration can be variable depending on soil and climatic conditions and nutrient management practices.
Wastewater Irrigation Effective On Bermudagrass HayFarmers in North and South Carolina already make every drop of water count by recycling livestock wastewater for irrigation. Now scientists have found ways to boost benefits from this practice even more.
Understanding Phosphorus In Soils Is Vital To Proper ManagementPhosphorus can have a significant effect on water quality, entering these water sources in a variety of ways, particularly due to runoff from phosphorus enriched soil. A new study examined the characteristics of phosphorus in soils as a way to understand how it behaves in soils and how it is transported in runoff.
Prairie Soil Organic Matter Shown To Be Resilient Under Intensive AgricultureA recent study has confirmed that although there was a large reduction of organic carbon and total nitrogen pools when prairies were first cultivated and drained, there has been no consistent pattern in these organic matter pools during the period of synthetic fertilizer use, that is, from 1957-2002.
A Win-win: U-pick Pumpkin Farms Recycle Urban LeavesThe growing popularity of rural fall festivals, grade school farm tours, and "u-pick" pumpkin farms has resulted in an increase in consumer demand for pumpkins throughout the country. A critical challenge for pumpkin farmers promoting entertainment agriculture, or "agritourism," is maintaining fields that are weed-free, attractive, and safe for consumers.
Ancient Soil Replenishment Technique Helps In Battle Against Global WarmingFormer inhabitants of the Amazon Basin enriched their fields with charred organic materials-biochar-and transformed one of the earth's most infertile soils into one of the most productive. These early conservationists disappeared 500 years ago, but centuries later, their soil is still rich in organic matter and nutrients. Now, scientists, environmental groups and policymakers forging the next world climate agreement see biochar not only as an important tool for replenishing soils, but as a powerful tool for combating global warming.
Managing Carbon LossThe push for alternative energy has created a large demand for corn stover, a popular feedstock used to produce cellulosic ethanol, but utilizing these materials, rather than using it as compost, means a loss of soil organic carbon. Researchers have studied the effectiveness of alternative carbon augmentation practices and have reported positive results.
Replacing Corn With Perennial Grasses Improves Carbon Footprint Of BiofuelsConverting forests or fields to biofuel crops can increase or decrease greenhouse gas emissions, depending on where -- and which -- biofuel crops are used, researchers report.
Model To Measure Soil Health In Bioenergy EraThe loss of soil organic matter due to poor land-management practice threatens farmlands, and while the use for crop residues as feedstock for biomass ethanol and bio-based products increases, these materials no longer contribute to the health of the soil. Scientist have now developed a method of measuring soil quality to assure an adequate amount of soil organic matter, called the CQESTR model.
Global Warming Is Changing Organic Matter In Soil: Atmosphere Could Change As A ResultNew research shows that we should be looking to the ground, not the sky, to see where climate change could have its most perilous impact on life on Earth. Scientists have shown that global warming actually changes the molecular structure of organic matter in soil.
Earthworm Activity Can Alter Forests' Carbon-carrying CapabilitiesEarthworms can change the chemical nature of the carbon in North American forest litter and soils, potentially affecting the amount of carbon stored in forests. Scientists want to determine the earthworms' effect on forest chemistry by comparing carbon composition in forests that vary in earthworm activity.
New Progress In Soil EcologyThe loss of organic matter is a threat to soil quality. Agricultural soils as well as mountain soils are both at risk; and both function as carbon sinks, and, under the impact of climate warming, could become sources greenhouse gas emissions. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a very promising avenue able to quantify the build-up of carbon in the soils at a large scale.
Over-use Of Organic Fertilizers In Agriculture Could Poison Soils, Study FindsExcessive doses of organic residues in agricultural fields could be dangerous for plants, invertebrates and micro-organisms living in the soil. This is the finding of a new study that shows that the use of appropriate levels of fertilizers would prevent this toxic impact on the soil biota.
Models Help Assess Biofuels' SustainabilityMany agricultural products can be converted into feedstocks for alternative fuel. Now analysis from the Agricultural Research Service suggests that they can be used this way without reducing the nation's food supply, soil production capacity or environmental quality.
Substantial Loss Of Carbon, Nitrogen From Burned Soils -- And Connections To Warming ClimateA new study led by the Pacific Northwest Research Station represents the first direct evidence of the toll wildfire can take on forest soil layers. It draws on data from the 2002 Biscuit Fire, which scorched some 500,000 acres in southwest Oregon.
Using Electrons To Treat Organic SeedsSales of organic products are booming: Consumers want their food to be untainted. To avoid the use of fungicides yet nevertheless protect plants from disease, researchers have developed a method that involves bombarding seeds with electrons to kill fungal spores and viruses.
Experiment Demonstrates 110 Years Of Sustainable AgricultureResearchers have shown that a plot of land on the campus of Auburn University that has been maintained by a century old practice of sustainable farming can produce similar cotton crops to those using other methods. This 110 year old continuous field experiment, called "the Old Rotation," utilizes traditional crop rotation methods and includes winter legumes to protect the soil from winter erosion.
Alternative To Burning: Environmentally Sound Disposal For Wood ChipsPecan and other hickory woods are the third most popular hardwood group in the United States, behind only black walnut and black cherry. he pruned wood of pecan, a byproduct of forested trees, is usually burned as an economical means of disposal. Increasingly though, pruned pecan is being chipped and incorporated into the soil as an environmentally viable method of handling the waste. Although more expensive than burning, chipping and soil incorporation avoid burning controls recently imposed by many states and the Environmental Protection Agency.
A New Biopesticide For The Organic Food BoomWith the boom in consumption of organic foods creating a pressing need for natural insecticides and herbicides that can be used on crops certified as "organic," biopesticide pioneer Pam G. Marrone is reporting development of a new "green" pesticide obtained from an extract of the giant knotweed. The research will be reported in August at the American Chemical Society national meeting in Philadelphia.
For Some, ?Kosher? Equals Pure

In an era of heightened concern over food contamination, allergies and the provenance of ingredients, the market for kosher food among non-Jews is setting records.
Reviving New York State?s Grain Belt

The grain belt in upstate New York is now being revived and expanded, with specialty grains ground locally into flours and meals.
Farm-to-Table Cuisine in a Homey Package

Local produce, prepared in a plain manner that defines ?homemade,? is offered at a place that should not remain undiscovered.
Dutch Cooperative Blurs Food Prejudices

In a Europe where conservative attitudes to farming are entrenched and hostility to genetically modified crops is sometimes obsessive, Food Valley is different.
In a Time of Cutbacks, Organic Chocolate Maker Looks to Expand
Green & Black’s, the British organic chocolate maker, has expanded to North America, and is now aiming at Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Germany.
Short List - Gray Kunz
Next month, the Singapore-born, Swiss-raised chef who worked in New York for some 20 years, at Lespinasse, Spice Market and his own Café Gray will open Café Gray Deluxe in Hong Kong?s sleek new Upper House hotel (upperhouse.com). T asked Kunz for a few of his favorite finds around the world.
A Roadside Harvest
Freshly picked produce from the Farm can be found at a stand in front of the five-acre farm, as well as at a handful of local restaurants.
A Bit Late, but Bounteous
The Tenafly Farmers? Market opened in June and, despite early-season rains that delayed crops, is now well stocked with produce.
The Farmers Are Local, the Products Exotic

Many farms in Connecticut are specializing in exotic foods, like Caribbean grapefruit, manzano peppers and brown Indian cucumbers.
?Non-GMO? Seal Identifies Foods Mostly Biotech-Free

Many makers of organic and natural foods said their credibility depended on ensuring that their products were free of genetically altered ingredients.
You Say Tomato, I Say Agricultural Disaster

As we begin to grow more of our own food, we need to reacquaint ourselves with plant pathology and understand that what we grow, and how we grow it, affects everyone else.
Fresh From Connecticut Fields
The six cultivated acres surrounding Holbrook Farm?s red barn retail shop are neatly lined with raised beds of lettuces, herbs, onions, edamame and okra.
Taste of New Mexico With an Organic Twist
Boxcar Cantina, the first restaurant in Fairfield County to be certified as ?green,? serves huge portions at moderate prices.
Street Farmer

Can Will Allen make the inner city the next front in the good-food movement?
Organic Farms as Subdivision Amenities

Developers are trying to make lots more attractive by putting crops in the ground.